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This study investigates concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in juvenile Chinook Salmon from various Columbia River stocks and life history types to evaluate the potential for adverse effects in these threatened and endangered fish.

The overall quality of the Columbia River estuary, which forms the border between Washington and Oregon, is described in this report using data collected as part of the Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). EMAP was initiated by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) to estimate the current status and trends in the condition of nation's ecological resources. EMAP also examines associations between these indicators and natural and human-caused stressors.

This report describes Action Effectiveness Monitoring program accomplishments during September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012, or Year 8 of this on-going project. For a background on the project since its inception in 2007, please see previous years' annual reports.

This report describes Action Effectiveness Monitoring program accomplishments during September 1, 2010 to September 30, 2011, or Year 7 of this on-going project. For a background on the project since its inception in 2007, please see previous years' annual reports.

This report describes Action Effectiveness Monitoring program accomplishments during September 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, or Year 6 of this on-going project. For a background on the project since its inception in 2007, please see previous years' annual reports.

This report describes Action Effectiveness Monitoring program accomplishments during September 15, 2008 to December 31, 2009, or Year 5 of this on-going project. For a background on the project since its inception in 2007, please see previous years' annual reports.

This report describes Action Effectiveness Monitoring program accomplishments during September 15, 2007 to March 31, 2009, or Year 4 of this on-going project. For a background on the project since its inception in 2007, please see previous years' annual reports.

Change in land cover over roughly the past 140 years was evaluated for the Lower Columbia River and Estuary by comparing digital GIS representations of late 1800’s maps (Office of Coast topographic sheets, and General Land Office survey maps) with recent land cover data that was generated by the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership as part of the Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification. The evaluation was conducted for the historical floodplain of the tidally influenced, lower 146 miles of river. The data derived from this analysis constitutes one level of a multiple lines of evidence